I've come to the position that the Joining and Receiving ended up to be a big mistake. If the OPC had ended up in the mix, it might have balanced out.
I have too. While I tend to now think that there was no more than at most a minority at the PCA's founding who understood let alone favored the strict confessionalism of the PCUS conservatives of the 1930s and prior, the sentiments of the New School RPCES overwhelmed any Old School tendencies. The OPC coming in at the time as well, as was planned, might have made it a fairer fight; or maybe not, depending on how much Old School Presbyterianism still dominated at the time and was understood in the OPC. If you've read Bill Smith's take on this (ex PCA now an Reformed Episcopalian, so not writing for a pro Old School Presbyterian conviction), he states the case for this in an old blog article. I cited his presentation in my bit on the PCA and the Sabbath that ran in the 12th issue of
The Confessional Presbyterian last year.
In 1982 the complexion of the PCA changed with the
joining and receiving of the RPCES. While on paper the
RPCES had the same or similar doctrinal statements
with regard to Sabbath doctrine and practice, there
was a significant difference as to subscription to doctrinal
standards. The RPCES came from a New School
background as far as the question of subscription and
exceptions to doctrinal standards. Bill Smith provides
a helpful analysis of the merger:
It was not clear at the time of Joining and Receiving (J&R)
in 1982 what the impact of the influx of the RPCES would
be, but time has proved that it broadened and strengthened
the New Side/New School segment of the PCA. The
RPCES was the result of the union of the dwindling Reformed
Presbyterian Church in North America, General
Synod (a “new light” break-off from the older Covenanter
denomination), and the larger Evangelical Presbyterian
Church (formerly the Bible Presbyterian Church).
It is the dominant Evangelical Presbyterian Church that
concerns us in trying to understand the PCA. In 1936
the Orthodox Presbyterian Church (OPC) was formed
by those, both Old School and New School, who left the
Presbyterian Church (U.S.A) during the Modernist controversy.
However, the unity of this new denomination
was not to last for long. In 1937 a group left the OPC
and formed the Bible Presbyterian Church. The Bible
Presbyterian Church itself split in 1955, with a minority
following Carl McIntire. The result was that there were
two BPCs: the Columbus Synod (the majority) and the
Collingswood Synod (the McIntire group). Eventually,
the Columbus Synod renamed itself the Evangelical
Presbyterian Church, merged with the New Light Covenanters
to form the RPCES in 1964, and was received
into the PCA in 1982.
To understand the RPCES and its impact on the PCA
we have to ask why the OPC split in 1937. D. G. Hart
has demonstrated, in Defending the Faith: J. Gresham
Machen and the Crisis of Conservative Protestantism in
Modern America, that the “split paralleled almost exactly
the division earlier between Old School and New School
Presbyterians” (p.165). The need to stand against modernism
and unbelief had papered over the differences among
conservative Presbyterians, but these were soon revealed.
Machen stood for Old School strict confessionalism.
He heartily adopted strong Westminster Confession
Calvinism. Though he had led the formation of the Independent
Board for Foreign Missions, he was a Presbyterian
by conviction and practice and wanted the
Board to support only missionaries who accepted Reformed
theology and Presbyterian polity (which led to
his ouster from the Board even before the split). Machen
believed in the spirituality of the Church and in
the liberty of the Christian conscience; hence, for instance,
he did not endorse Prohibition.
These things proved too much for those who desired a
milder confessionalism (tolerant of not only premillennialism
but of dispensationalism), a minimizing of
Presbyterian distinctives and denominational differences,
and a Christian life characterized by separation
from “worldly practices.” Even though the side of the
BPC which became the EPC then the RPCES, was more
Reformed and Presbyterian and less combative than the
McIntire group, the roots remained New School; and,
though there was some indication the RPCES might
move toward Princeton Old School positions, this did
not materialize. The RPCES that joined the PCA was
and is predominantly New Side/New School and has
infused another stream of New Side/New Schoolism
into the PCA.75
75. [William H. Smith,] “What is the PCA? A New Side - New School
Church,” [
http://thechristiancurmudgeonmo.blogspot.com/2013/07/
what-is-pca-new-side-new-school-church.html].
Cited in "Dropping the Subject, Again? The Decline of Sabbatarianism in the Old Southern Presbyterian Church and in the Presbyterian Church in America,"
The Confessional Presbyterian 12 (2016): 87.